综合提醒系统对脑卒中患者出院6个月知信行和临床结局的效果

目的 探讨健康信念综合提醒系统对脑卒中患者出院后6个月健康知识、信念、行为、卫生服务利用情况及临床结局的效果。方法 2015年2月至2016年3月,方便抽样广州市3家综合医院高血压并发缺血性脑卒中出院患者174例,分为对照组(n = 87)和干预组(n = 87)。对照组予常规健康教育;干预组在此基础上采用“基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统”进行健康教育和延续护理。出院6个月后,采用脑卒中健康知识问卷(SKQ)、脑卒中患者健康信念简表(SF-HBMS-SP)和脑卒中健康行为量表(HBS-SP)进行调查,并记录临床结局(急诊就诊、再住院、复发和死亡)。结果 对照组75例、干预组76例完成调查。干预组SKQ (U = 903.000)、SF-HBMS-SP (t = -9.099)和HBS-SP (t = -7.786)总分均显著高于对照组(P < 0.001)。干预组门诊复诊率(97.37%)显著高于对照组(76.00%) ( P <0.001);两组急诊就诊数和再住院数无显著性差异(P > 0.05),死亡和复发率无显著性差异( P > 0.05)。 结论 健康信念综合提醒系统能提高脑卒中患者出院后健康知识、信念、行为和门诊复诊率,但尚未对临床结局产生明显效果。     

Implication of core beliefs about negative-self in neuroticism

Abstract

Objective: Core beliefs about negative-self are beliefs about self-deficiencies in basic aspects of human adaptation. Meanwhile, neuroticism is a personality trait characterised by negative emotionality, i.e., a tendency to react to stress with negative emotions. The present study tested the hypothesis that core beliefs about negative-self are implicated in neuroticism.

Methods: The subjects were 309 Japanese healthy volunteers. Core beliefs about negative-self were evaluated by the Brief Core Schema Scales, and neuroticism was evaluated by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised.

Results: In both multiple regression analysis and structural equation modelling, higher neuroticism was strongly predicted by higher levels of core beliefs about negative-self.

Limitations: The present study cannot determine the causal relationship between core beliefs about negative-self and neuroticism, because of its cross sectional design.

Conclusions: The present study suggests that core beliefs about negative-self are deeply implicated in neuroticism.

• Key Points

• Implication of core beliefs about negative-self in neuroticism was examined.

• Neuroticism was predicted by higher levels of these core beliefs.

• These core beliefs may be involved in negative emotionality of neuroticism.

     

Use,Awareness, Knowledge and Beliefs of Medication During Pregnancy in Malaysia

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess medication use in pregnant women in Malaysia by measuring use, knowledge, awareness, and beliefs about medications.MethodsThis was an observational, cross-sectional study involving a total of 447 pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Malaysia. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participant data.ResultsMost of pregnant women had taken medication during pregnancy and more than half of them (52.8%) showed a poor level of knowledge about the medication use during pregnancy. Eighty-three percent had a poor level of awareness and 56.5% had negative beliefs. Age and education level were significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding medication use during pregnancy. Multiparous pregnant women, and pregnant women from rural areas were observed to have a higher level of awareness compared with those who lived in urban areas. Use of medication during pregnancy was determined to be significantly associated with education level, and race.ConclusionAlthough there was prevalent use of medication among pregnant women, many had negative beliefs, and insufficient knowledge and awareness about the risks of taking medication during pregnancy. Several sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with the use (race and education level), level of knowledge (age and education level), awareness (parity and place of residence), and beliefs (race, education level, and occupation status) towards medication use during pregnancy.     

评价健康信念模式指导下的孕期护理干预对剖宫产率的影响

目的：：评估在孕妇孕期护理干预服务中运用健康信念模式指导对剖宫产率影响情况。方法：随机选择2015年3月-2016年3月进入本院接受产检及相应护理的117例孕妇，将其划分为研究、对照两组，研究组59例于妊娠期内施行基于健康信念模式的系统化护理干预服务，对照组58例于妊娠期内施行基础性的相关护理干预服务，探究产妇剖宫产率情况，对比两种护理法的效果。结果：研究组干预护理前、后选择破宫产的孕妇例数减少，占比下降显著，有统计学方面的意义（P＜0.05）。对照组干预护理前、后孕妇选取生产方式的占比情况没有较大变化，差异不具统计学方面的意义(P＞0.05)。结论：产科护理服务当中引入以健康信念为导向的干预模式，可降低剖宫产率，效果较好。     

健康信念模式在吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者中的应用效果

目的：探讨健康信念模式在吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者中的应用效果。方法选取60例吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者随机分为研究组和对照组各30例。对照组给予常规护理，研究组在对照组的基础上给予健康信念模式进行干预，比较两组患者对疾病的认知、健康态度、焦虑及抑郁程度、住院时间。结果两组中以研究组对疾病的认知得分和健康态度得分较高，抑郁及焦虑得分较低，住院时间更短，各指标相比较，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。结论健康信念模式能有效地提高吸毒致股动脉假性动脉瘤患者对疾病的认识，并改善其健康态度和不良心理状态，使患者临床恢复的时间也明显缩短。     

基于健康信念理论对社区居民健康素养的干预研究

目的以健康信念理论为基础,通过线上和线下结合的健康教育方式规范社区居民健康的自我管理,提高居民的依从性和自我管理效能,达到有效干预居民的健康素养水平和防控慢病的目的。方法2018年4月—2018年10月组建干预小组,针对北京市西城区某社区149名居民进行横断面研究,以《中国公民健康素养66条》为基础对社区居民的健康素养进行基线调查,2018年11月-2019年4月基于健康信念理论对自愿参加类实验研究的149名社区居民进行线上和线下的健康宣教后,再次评估该社区居民的健康素养水平。结果该社区居民的健康素养水平由活动前的11.4%提升至活动后的21.5%,健康素养各方面的提升及不同性别、学历、经济状况方面健康素养的提升都存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以健康信念理论为基础,对社区居民进行有效的线上和线下的健康宣教有助于提升居民的健康素养水平。     

授权赋能教育在慢性心衰患者的知信行效果

目的探讨授权赋能教育在慢性心衰患者的知信行效果。方法选取2017年9月-2019年2月我院收治的慢性心衰患者,共93例,运用随机数字表法进行分为对照组(n=45)和试验组(n=48),对照组施以常规教育模式,试验组在常规基础上施以授权赋能教育,观察两组患者对疾病知识的知晓率情况、对疾病的态度情况、不良行为比较。结果试验组的疾病知识的知晓率为95.83%,明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异显著(χ^2=5.583,P=0.018);对疾病的态度明显改善;不良行为明显较少,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。结论授权赋能教育能够有效的改善慢性心衰患者心脏康复的知信行的效果。     

基于健康信念模式的护理干预在慢性牙周炎患者种植修复治疗中的应用

目的探讨基于健康信念模式(HBM)的护理干预在慢性牙周炎患者种植修复治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2018年6月至2019年5月我院行种植修复治疗的慢性牙周炎患者72例,随机平均分为两组。对照组采用常规护理及健康教育,观察组在此基础上行基于HBM的护理干预,比较两组的牙科焦虑、畏惧程度,种植体周围PLI、 SBI、 PD。结果干预后,观察组的DAS、 DFS评分低于对照组(P <0.05);干预后6个月,观察组种植体周围PLI、 SBI及PD均优于对照组(P <0.05)。结论基于HBM的护理干预能降低慢性牙周炎患者种植修复的焦虑和畏惧水平,显著改善临床疗效,促进种植体周围健康,值得临床推广。     

Applying Health Belief Model to Unveil Employees’ Workplace COVID-19 Protective Behaviors: Insights for the Hospitality Industry

The overwhelming majority of the countries around the globe have witnessed severe cases of the COVID-19 outbreak. Unfortunately, many countries are still beset with such an infectious disease. Despite the fact that there is currently no specific approved cure for this deadly infection, restrictions (e.g., lockdown and border closing) are gradually eased. Meanwhile, businesses are reopening and outdoor leisure activities are about to start again based on strict health, social distancing, and hygiene rules. However, as we still have a long way to reach an ultimate treatment for such deadly virus, changing human behavior sounds the best defense in tackling this challenge till a vaccine is developed for protection against COVID-19. With this realization, using Health Belief Model as the theoretical underpinning, our study endeavors to unveil employees’ adherence to protective health behaviors (PHBs) in the hospitality industry, which is known as a people-focused, labor-intensive, and service-oriented business. This is so crucial since there is a high degree of (frequent) interaction between employees and customers in hotels. Moreover, such establishments are known as areas where customers engage in a variety of activities that make health concerns even more crucial. To achieve the objectives of this research, we used secondary data obtained from one of the largest hotel-related online communities in the world: the ‘Tales from the front desk’. Using template analysis approach, 1680 employees’ comments were examined. The results revealed that hotel employees found themselves at high risk of being infected and several obstacles that impeded their PHBs in the workplace were identified. Our study will provide momentous implications about PHBs against COVID-19 for the hospitality industry.     

Using health belief model to predict oral health behaviors in girl students: A structural equation modeling

IntroductionDental caries and gum diseases are among the most common oral diseases in children around the world especially in less developed countries. Evidences suggest that identifying the reasons for not following the oral health behaviors, can improve the oral health status through evidence based interventions. The aim of this study was developing a model to explain the predictors of oral health behaviors in primary school girl students Based on the health belief model.MethodsIn this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 2018, a total of 381 questionnaires were distributed among all fifth and sixth grade girl students of public schools in Lamerd, Iran. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire included demographic information, and health belief model constructs (Cronbach's alpha between 0.54 and 0.77). Data were analyzed by SPSS23 and AMOS 23 for structural equation modeling.ResultsA total of 179 fifth-grade and 180 sixth-grade girl students participated in the study (94.2% response rate). More than 35% and 67% of students in the study did not brush and floss daily respectively. Perceived barriers (r = -0.27, P < 0.01), self-efficacy (r = 0.32, P < 0.01) and cues to action (r = 0.26, P < 0.01) showed significant correlation with behaviors. In final model by SEM, self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and cues to action have the highest relationship with oral health too. Other model constructs showed no significant relationship with behavior.ConclusionThe results suggest the necessity to emphasize the perceived benefits, self-efficacy and cues to action to promote students' oral health behaviors.